Chordata

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Chordates
Rango fossile: Cambrian – Recent, 525–0 Ma

Yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares

Classification scientific

Dominio:	Eukaryota
Regno:	Animalia
Subregno:	Eumetazoa
(sin rango)	Bilateria
Superphylo:	Deuterostomia
Phylo:	Chordata Bateson, 1885

Classas

Vide v

Chordata (o le chordatos, le nomine scientific Chordata) es un typo zoologic characterisate per le presentia de un corda neural tubular dorsal o notocordia, sia durante tote le disveloppamento, sia in alicunes del phases.

Chordata

Classification scientific

Dominio:Eukarya
Regno:Animalia
Phylo:Chordata
Subphyos

Urochordato
Cephalochordato
Vertebrato

Il ha tres subtypos:

Definition

1 = protuberantia in
columna vertebral ("cerebro")

2 = notochord

3 = cord nerve dorsal

4 = coda post-anal

5 = anus

6 = tubo digestive

7 = systemo circulatori

8 = atriopore

9 = spatio supra pharynx

10 = pharyngeal slit

11 = pharynx

12 = vestibule

13 = oral cirri

14 = apertura bucal

15 = gonads (ovary / testicle)

16 = sensor de lumine

17 = nerves

18 = metapleural fold

19 = hepatic caecum (liver-like sack)

Anatomia de le cephalochordate Amphioxus

Chordates forma un phylo — un grupo de animales con un comun plan del corpo^[1] — organismos que habe tote le sequente:^[2]

un notochord, un typo de cartilage que se extinde in le interior del corpo.
un tubo neural dorsal. In le pisces e altere vertebrates isto se disvelupa in le columna vertebral, le trunco principal de commmunicationes del systemo nervose.
pharyngeal slit.
un coda muscular.
un endostyle. Isto es un cannellatura in le muro ventral de pharynx. Adjuta transportar alimentos al le esophagus.^[3] Ille immagazina iodine, e pote es le precursor del glande thyroid de vertebratos.^[2]

Classification

Le sequente schema es del kibro Vertebrate Palaeontology.^[4]

Phylum Chordata
- Subphylum Tunicata (Urochordata) — (tunicates, 3000 species)
- Subphylum Cephalochordata (Acraniata) — (lancelets, 30 species)
- Subphylum Vertebrata (Craniata) (vertebratos — animales con ossos; 57674 species)
  - Classa 'Agnatha'Paraphyletic (vertebrates non-mandibula; 100+ species)
    - Subclassa Myxinoidea (pisce; 65 species)
    - Subclassa Petromyzontida (Lampreys)
    - Subclassa Conodonta
    - Subclassa Pteraspidomorphi (Paleozoic pisce non-mandibula)
      - Order Anaspida
      - Order Thelodonti (Paleozoic pisce non-mandibula)
  - Infraphylum Gnathostomata (vertebrates con mandibula)
    - Classa Placodermi (Paleozoic formes con armoura)
    - Classa Chondrichthyes (Pisces cartilaginos; 900+ species)
    - Classa Acanthodii (Paleozoic "spiny sharks")
    - Classa Osteichthyes (Pisces con ossos; 30 000+ species)
      - Subclass Actinopterygii (Pisces ray-finned; 30 000 species)
      - Subclass Sarcopterygii (Pisces lobe-finned)
    - Superclassa Tetrapoda (vertebrates con cuatro-pede; 18 000+ species)
      - Classa Amphibia (amphibias; 6000 species)
      - Seriesa Amniota (con amniotic ovo)
        
        Classa Reptilia — (reptiles; 8 225+ species)
        
        Subclassa Anapsida (extinct "proto-reptiles" e possibile turtles)
        
        Subclassa Synapsida ("reptilas" como mammal; 4500+ species, progenitors of mammales)
        
        Subclassa Diapsida (majoritate de reptiles, progenitores de aves)
        
        Classa Aves (aves; 8800–10000 species)
        
        Classa Mammalia (mammales; 5 800 species)

Phylogenia

Chordata

Cephalochordata

	Amphioxus

Tunicata

	Appendicularia (formerly Larvacea)

	Thaliacea

	Ascidiacea

Craniata

Myxini

Vertebrata

Conodonta†

Cephalaspidomorphi†

Hyperoartia

Pteraspidomorphi†

Gnathostomata

Placodermi†

Chondrichthyes

Teleostomi

Acanthodii†

Osteichthyes

Actinopterygii

Sarcopterygii

Tetrapoda

Amphibia

Amniota

Synapsida

	Mammalia

Sauropsida

	Aves

Notes:

Linias presenta relatia evolutionario probabile, includite taxa extinct, que es presentate con dagger, †. Alicun es non-vertebratos. Chordata es un phylo.

Referentias

↑ Valentine, J.W. (2004). On the Origin of Phyla. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press, 7. ISBN 0226845486. "Oragnismos ha essite classificate in systemos hierachicos in le seculos XVII e XVIII. Oraganismos ha essite grupate basate in le similaritates morphologica pro formar un hierachia"
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 Rychel, A.L., Smith, S.E., Shimamoto, H.T., and Swalla, B.J. (2006). "Evolution and Development of the Chordates: Collagen and Pharyngeal Cartilage". Molecular Biology and Evolution 23 (3): 541–549. doi:10.1093/molbev/msj055.
↑ Ruppert, E. (2005). "Key characters uniting hemichordates and chordates: homologies or homoplasies?". Canadian Journal of Zoology 83: 8–23. doi:10.1139/Z04-158. Retrieved on 2008-09-22.
↑ Benton, M.J. (2004). Vertebrate Palaeontology, Third Edition. Blackwell Publishing, 472 pp. The classification scheme is available online

Ligamines Externe

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Chordata

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Chordata

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